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Jaffa orange : ウィキペディア英語版 | Jaffa orange
The Jaffa orange, also Shamouti orange, is a sweet, almost seedless orange variety with a tough skin that makes it particularly suitable for export. Developed by Palestinian farmers in the mid-19th century, the variety takes its name from the city of Jaffa where it was first produced for export.〔〔 A symbol of production and Jewish-Arab cooperation in Mandatory Palestine, the orange was the primary citrus export for the city. One of three main varieties of oranges grown in the Middle East, the Jaffa orange is also cultivated in Cyprus, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Turkey.〔〔Ladaniya, 2008, (pp. 48–49 ).〕 == Characteristics == Jaffa oranges, also known as ''shamouti'', are practically seedless, with a flavour that has been described as "excellent" and "sweet and fine."〔〔〔Page, 2008, (p. 99 ).〕 The two other main orange varieties cultivated in the region are the navel orange and the bitter orange; the latter is grown in Iran for its peel.〔 The Jaffa orange is distinguished by its oval shape and thick peel, which is deep orange in color and normally very easy to remove from the fruit. Its tough skin makes it "especially suitable for export".〔Krämer, 2008, (p. 91 ).〕〔 As it produces very little juice and has a tendency towards delayed bitterness, it is unsuitable for juice production, although it does store well.〔 These oranges are very cold-tolerant, allowing them to grow outside of the subtropical regions normally associated with growing oranges. Jaffa oranges are susceptible to ''Alternaria'', a type of fungus, and are prone to alternate bearing.
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